Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of snake antivenom

Progress and improvement of the manufacturing process of snake antivenom

Antivenoms have been used successfully for more than a century and up to now constitute the only effective treatment for snakebites .The production of antivenin started long time ago when the calmette was prepared the antivenom in 1894.The method currently used to prepare antivenom by most of the manufacturers are originated from the method of Pope which was develop in 1938. Several new approac...

Pharmacokinetics/ Pharmacodynamics

Topiramate: pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.

Topiramate is a structurally novel anti-epileptic drug with at least 3 postulated mechanisms of action including: 1) potentiation of GABA responses, 2) impairment of AMPA/kainate glutamate receptors and 3) suppression of high frequency action potential firing. It has a favourable pharmacokinetic profile with rapid absorption, good bio-availability, linear pharmacokinetics, relatively long half-...

Macrolides: pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.

Three pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic parameters--(i) the peak concentration to the minimum inhibitory concentration ratio (C(max)/MIC); (ii) the area under the concentration-time curve to MIC ratio (AUC(24h)/MIC); and (iii) the time the concentration exceeds the MIC (T>MIC)--are important predictors of the clinical efficacy of antibiotics. For antibiotics with pronounced concentration-dependen...

Antifungal pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.

Successful treatment of infectious diseases requires choice of the most suitable antimicrobial agent, comprising consideration of drug pharmacokinetics (PK), including penetration into infection site, pathogen susceptibility, optimal route of drug administration, drug dose, frequency of administration, duration of therapy, and drug toxicity. Antimicrobial pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD)...